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Author Topic: The Sigrdrifumol  (Read 8947 times)
mcdee2005
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« on: February 25, 2011, 01:17:27 PM »

Sigurth rode up on Hindarfjoll and turned southward toward the land of the Franks. On the mountain he saw a great light, as if fire were burning, and the glow reached up to heaven. And when he came thither, there stood a tower of shields, and above it was a banner. Sigurth went into the shield-tower, and saw that a man lay there sleeping with all his war-weapons. First he took the helm from his head, and then he saw that it was a woman. The mail-coat was as fast as if it had grown to the flesh. Then he cut the mail-coat from the head-opening downward, and out to both the arm-holes. Then he took the mail-coat from her, and she awoke, and sat up and saw Sigurth, and said:

1. "What bit through the byrnie? | how was broken my sleep?
      Who made me free | of the fetters pale?"

He answered:
"Sigmund's son, | with Sigurth's sword,
That late with flesh | hath fed the ravens."

Sigurth sat beside her and asked her name. She took a horn full of mead and gave him a memory-draught.

2. "Hail, day! | Hail, sons of day!
      And night and her daughter now!
      Look on us here | with loving eyes,
      That waiting we victory win.

3. "Hail to the gods! | Ye goddesses,
      hail, And all the generous earth!
      Give to us wisdom | and goodly speech,
      And healing hands, life-long.

4. "Long did I sleep, | my slumber was long,
      And long are the griefs of life;
      Othin decreed | that I could not break
      The heavy spells of sleep."

Her name was Sigrdrifa, and she was a Valkyrie. She said that two kings fought in battle; one was called Hjalmgunnar, an old man but a mighty warrior, and Othin had promised him the victory, and

The other was Agnar, | brother of Autha,
None he found | who fain would shield him.

Sigrdrifa, slew Hjalmgunnar in the battle, and Othin pricked her with the sleep-thorn in punishment for this, and said that she should never thereafter win victory in battle, but that she should be wedded. "And I said to him that I had made a vow in my turn, that I would never marry a man who knew the meaning of fear." Sigurth answered and asked her to teach him wisdom, if she knew of what took place in all the worlds. Sigrdrifa said:

5. "Beer I bring thee, | tree of battle,
      Mingled of strength | and mighty fame;
      Charms it holds | and healing signs,
      Spells full good, | and gladness-runes."

6.   Winning-runes learn, | if thou longest to win,
      And the runes on thy sword-hilt write;
      Some on the furrow, | and some on the flat,
      And twice shalt thou call on Tyr.

7.   Ale-runes learn, | that with lies the wife
      Of another betray not thy trust;
      On the horn thou shalt write, | and the backs of thy hands,
      And Need shalt mark on thy nails.
      Thou shalt bless the draught, | and danger escape,
      And cast a leek in the cup;
      (For so I know | thou never shalt see Thy mead with evil mixed.)

8.    Birth-runes learn, | if help thou wilt lend,
      The babe from the mother to bring;
      On thy palms shalt write them, | and round thy joints,
      And ask the fates to aid.

9.    Wave-runes learn, | if well thou wouldst shelter
       The sail-steeds out on the sea;
       On the stem shalt thou write, | and the steering blade,
       And burn them into the oars;
       Though high be the breakers, | and black the waves,
       Thou shalt safe the harbor seek.

10.  Branch-runes learn, | if a healer wouldst be,
       And cure for wounds wouldst work;
       On the bark shalt thou write, | and on trees that be
      With boughs to the eastward bent.

11.  Speech-runes learn, | that none may seek
       To answer harm with hate;
       Well he winds | and weaves them all,
       And sets them side by side,
       At the judgment-place, | when justice there
       The folk shall fairly win.

12. Thought-runes learn, | if all shall think
      Thou art keenest minded of men.

13.  Them Hropt arranged, | and them he wrote,
        And them in thought he made,
        Out of the draught | that down had dropped
        From the head of Heithdraupnir,
        And the horn of Hoddrofnir.

14.  On the mountain he stood | with Brimir's sword,
        On his head the helm he bore;
        Then first the head | of Mim spoke forth,
        And words of truth it told.

15.   He bade write on the shield | before the shining goddess,
         On Arvak's ear, | and on Alsvith's hoof,
         On the wheel of the car | of Hrungnir's killer,
         On Sleipnir's teeth, | and the straps of the sledge.

16.  On the paws of the bear, | and on Bragi's tongue,
        On the wolf's claws bared, | and the eagle's beak,
        On bloody wings, | and bridge's end,
        On freeing hands | and helping foot-prints.

17.   On glass and on gold, | and on goodly charms,
         In wine and in beer, | and on well-loved seats,
        On Gungnir's point, | and on Grani's breast,

18.  Shaved off were the runes | that of old were written,
       And mixed with the holy mead,
       And sent on ways so wide;
       So the gods had them, | so the elves got them,
       And some for the Wanes so wise,
       And some for mortal men.

19. Beech-runes are there, | birth-runes are there,
      And all the runes of ale,
      And the magic runes of might;
      Who knows them rightly | and reads them true,
      Has them himself to help;
      Ever they aid, Till the gods are gone.

Brynhild spake:

20. "Now shalt thou choose, | for the choice is given,
       Thou tree of the biting blade;
       Speech or silence, | 'tis thine to say,
       Our evil is destined all."

Sigurth spake:

21. "I shall not flee, | though my fate be near,
        I was born not a coward to be;
       Thy loving word | for mine will I win,
       As long as I shall live."

22. Then first I rede thee, | that free of guilt
       Toward kinsmen ever thou art;
       No vengeance have, | though they work thee harm,
       Reward after death thou shalt win.

23. Then second I rede thee, | to swear no oath
       If true thou knowest it not;
       Bitter the fate | of the breaker of troth,
       And poor is the wolf of his word.

24. Then third I rede thee, | that thou at the Thing
       Shalt fight not in words with fools;
       For the man unwise | a worser word
       Than he thinks doth utter oft.

25. Ill it is | if silent thou art,
      A coward born men call thee,
      And truth mayhap they tell;
      Seldom safe is fame,
      Unless wide renown be won;
      On the day thereafter | send him to death,
      Let him pay the price of his lies.

26. Then fourth I rede thee, | if thou shalt find
       A wily witch on thy road,
       It is better to go | than her guest to be,
       Though night enfold thee fast.

27. Eyes that see | need the sons of men
       Who fight in battle fierce;
       Oft witches evil | sit by the way
       Who blade and courage blunt.

28. Then fifth I rede thee, | though maidens fair
       Thou seest on benches sitting,
       Let the silver of kinship | not rob thee of sleep,
       And the kissing of women beware.

29. Then sixth I rede thee, | if men shall wrangle,
       And ale-talk rise to wrath,
       No words with a drunken | warrior have,
       For wine steals many men's wits.

30. Brawls and ale | full oft have been
       An ill to many a man,
       Death for some, | and sorrow for some;
       Full many the woes of men.

31. Then seventh I rede thee, | if battle thou seekest
       With a foe that is full of might;
       It is better to fight | than to burn alive
       In the hall of the hero rich.

32. Then eighth I rede thee, | that evil thou shun,
      And beware of lying words;
      Take not a maid, | nor the wife of a man,
       Nor lure them on to lust.

33. Then ninth I rede thee: | burial render
       If thou findest a fallen corpse,
       Of sickness dead, | or dead in the sea,
       Or dead of weapons' wounds.

34. A bath shalt thou give them | who corpses be,
       And hands and head shalt wash;
       Wipe them and comb, | ere they go in the coffin,
       And pray that they sleep in peace.

35. Then tenth I rede thee, | that never thou trust
      The word of the race of wolves,
      (If his brother thou broughtest to death, Or his father thou didst fell;)
       Often a wolf | in a son there is,
       Though gold he gladly takes.

36. Battle and hate | and harm,
       methinks, Full seldom fall asleep;
       Wits and weapons | the warrior needs
       If boldest of men he would be.

37. Then eleventh I rede thee, | that wrath thou shun,
       And treachery false with thy friends;
       Not long the leader's | life shall be,
       For great are the foes he faces.
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Grymdycche
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« Reply #1 on: February 25, 2011, 02:40:35 PM »

Thanks for posting that mcdee!

Couple of things I see discuss worthy right off the bat:

One - I should make a glossary here for Old English, Middle English, and Norse terms, lol.
Words one often sees in these stories are those like, "fain", which means "predisposed or likely to, wanting to"; and then there's "trow" and "ween", meaning to believe or to suppose.


Very notable here are the few runes that are mentioned, as many do not quite match up to the modern accepted interpretations.
This is quite a mystery that bears some real contemplation!
In short:

Ale-runes   (Nauthiz is specifically mentioned.. perhaps this is the Ale rune?)
Winning-runes   (Tyr/Tiwaz)
Birth-runes   (at first I thought Berkana, but then that fits the next one too.  Ehwaz (yew) perhaps?...)
Branch-runes  (Or this might be Berkana, the Birch tree .. but perhaps Algiz?)
Waves-runes   (Laguz, presumably)
Speech-runes  (Definitely Ansuz/Os)
Thought-runes   (huh?  "keenist-minded" is mentioned  ..  Cen?  Kenaz?)


Another thing:  possibly the shape for Laguz comes from the rudder (steering blade) of a ship!   That's sorta roundabout, but I can see it.

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mcdee2005
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« Reply #2 on: February 27, 2011, 03:08:24 PM »

Nauthiz certainly fits with the ale ruins as it is generally thought of as the rune of resistance and or deliverance

And again with Tyr as a winning rune (read war) as it is associated with the idea that justice will prevail.

Given Eihwaz is Yggdrasil then it would probably a good assumption that it's life giving force would make it a solid candidate for being one of the birth runes. Berkano would also fit into this category and as you rightly pointed out it would also fit into the branch runes however I believe that it is more than likely one of the birthing runes

Branch runes or beech runes ( or possibly book runes) could signify some conection with knowledge so therefore I would be tempted to include Uruz, and Mannaz

Definitely laguz as a wave rune

Speech runes I would say Wunjo and possibly Othala

As for thought runes there are many candidates for these

But this does pose the question, that if there are specific runes for these categories then is it a possibility that one rune may appear in more than one category?

The obvious answer would have to be yes, but in saying that if it were that they did not then would this give us a better understanding of how the runes were not only interpreted in antiquity but also a better understanding of the magical uses?

I think I will devote some time to this and attempt to separate the individual ruins into the afore mentioned groups.

McD
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mcdee2005
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« Reply #3 on: February 27, 2011, 03:11:16 PM »

And yes I know Tyr is also a god of war

Should of maybe put this in with my post but it was one of those brain to finger moments.
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Grymdycche
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« Reply #4 on: February 28, 2011, 11:34:17 AM »

Nauthiz certainly fits with the ale ruins as it is generally thought of as the rune of resistance and or deliverance

Speech runes I would say Wunjo and possibly Othala

I look at Nauthiz as "need", or necessity, a harsh lesson in reality.    I guess you could use a drink after that though.
Unless Ale translates to "ill".  Usually "mead" is the alcoholic beverage of choice mentioned in these things.


I chose Ansuz for "speech runes" because of the OERP:

"The mouth is the source of all language,
a pillar of wisdom and comfort to wise men,
a blessing and a joy to every knight."

Though.. funny as it seems, the NRP calls Ansuz "Estuary", (the way of all journeys) thus the mouth of a river, not a person. It's referring to beginnings, sources.  A quite different kind of mouth.  Funny how language can do that; not one of the 3 poems really quite agree on this one, in a literal sense.

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Grymdycche
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« Reply #5 on: February 28, 2011, 04:34:52 PM »

Ah, found this on "ale-runes":  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alu_%28runic%29
Possibly it's an amulet comprised of 3 runes, not just a single rune. 



"ALU"

Here's an excerpt:
Quote
Alu is a Germanic charm word appearing on numerous Elder Futhark found in Central and Northern Europe dating from between 200 and 800 CE. The word – the most common of the early runic charm words[1] – usually appears either alone (such as on the Elgesem runestone) or as part of an apparent formula (such as on the Lindholm "amulet" (DR 261) from Scania, Sweden).

The term alu is sometimes abbreviated, encrypted or written with grammatical expansion. The origin and meaning of the word are matters of dispute, though a general agreement exists among scholars that the word either represents amulet magic or is a metaphor (or metonym) for it.[2] Usage of the word did not survive long after the Migration Period, possibly as a result of Christianization.[3]

Alu may have lived on beyond this period with an increasing association with ale or beer, appearing in stanzas 7 and 19 of the Old Norse poem Sigrdrífumál, compiled in the 13th century Poetic Edda, where knowledge of invocative "ale runes" (Old Norse ölrúnar) is imparted by the Valkyrie Sigrdrífa. Theories have been suggested that the unique term ealuscerwen (possibly "pouring away of alu"), used to describe grief or terror in the epic poem Beowulf, recorded around the 9th to 11th century, may be directly related.


Interesting..
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mcdee2005
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« Reply #6 on: March 01, 2011, 12:04:21 AM »

Definitely interesting

While looking through some of my own notes on the runes i came across some interesting associations between the runes in "ALU" and ale

Ansuz may alude to a container
Laguz is Water
Uruz is associated with the dripping Rime (Yeast, Salt and Water)

It seems to me that "ALU" although a charm may also be a basic recipe for Ale itself.

And yes i do realise that this is definitely a bit left field, but it does seem to be a very simple conclusion to draw.
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Grymdycche
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« Reply #7 on: March 01, 2011, 07:44:06 AM »

Ansuz as a container ?- that's interesting, I'm curious of the source or inspiration behind that.
I have often seen Perthro interpreted as a container, usually as "lot cup".  (I wonder exactly what they used for lots in gambling?)
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winter night
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« Reply #8 on: March 02, 2011, 11:24:59 AM »

I have sooooo much work on this week, I will have to jump into this thread again another time,

first reading through The Sigrdrifumol is amazing though - can't wait to get stuck in! Cheesy

nice!
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